The organizing committees of the UK Controlled Environment Users’ Group (UK CEUG) and the North American Committee on Controlled Environment Technology and Use (NCR-101) organized an international conference on “Controlled Environments in the New Millennium” in Norwich, England from 9th-12th September 2001.

To the knowledge of the organizers, this was the first genuinely international meeting on controlled environments for research in biology of plants and animals since the Canberra symposium in 1962 and the Littlehampton symposium of 1971. It aimed to foster interaction between scientists, engineers, users and managers of controlled environments across the world.

In both of the previous meetings the emphasis was on plant biology, here the emphasis was on the technology and practice of use of controlled environments. The invited speakers were prominent scientists, including practising biologists, and engineers from Europe (the UK and continental Europe), Canada, the USA, Japan, Australia and New Zealand.

If you intend to cite any of the presentations contained in these proceedings, we would suggest the following format:

For example,

S. Millam, 2001. Working Within the legislation. In: Genetically Modified Organisms in Controlled Environments. L. D. Incoll and J. D. Lea-Cox (eds.). Proceedings of the 2001 International Conference “Controlled Environments in the New Millennium.” John Innes Centre, Norwich, UK. 9-12 September 2001.

Program Session 1

Monday 10 September 2001

Genetically Modified Organisms (GMOs) In Controlled Environments
Chair: P. Mullineaux
Disease and Stress Biology, John Innes Centre, Norwich, UK
Session 1 Introduction

Legislation for GMOs in North America: Design of containment facilities
D. Adair
Plant Pathology, University of Minnesota, USA
Abstract      Paper

Legislation for GMOs in the UK and Europe
P.Logan
Health & Safety Executive, Bootle, UK
Abstract      Presentation

Working within the legislation
S. Millam
Scottish Crop Research Institute, Invergowrie, UK
Abstract       Presentation

Panel-led Discussion
Above speakers plus
J. Franklin, IACR Rothamsted, Harpenden, UK
and
Denis Agritechnove, St. Anselme, Canada

 

Program Session 2
Monday 10 September 2001

Reporting Guidelines For Controlled Environments
Chair: J.C. Sager
Spaceport Engineering & Technology Directorate, Kennedy Space Center, Florida, USA
Session 2 Introduction

Reporting and monitoring for diagnostic purposes
D.T. Krizek
Sustainable Agricultural Systems Laboratory, USDA, Beltsville, MD, USA
Abstract

Reporting and monitoring for user records
T.W. Tibbitts
Horticulture, University of Wisconsin, Madison, USA
Abstract      Presentation

Reporting guidelines in practice: A good idea, but does anyone take any notice?
L.D. Incoll, D.J. Pilbeam and J. Williams
Biology, University of Leeds, UK
Abstract      Presentation

Panel-led Discussion
(Above Speakers)

Program Session 3

Tuesday 11 September 2001

Energy, Conservation and Recycling:
I. Technological Choices for Controlled Environments in Relation to Energy
Chair: J. Franklin
IACR Rothamsted, Harpenden, UK
Session 3 Introduction

Lighting choices for plant growth in horticulture
S. Pot
Philips Lighting BV, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
Abstract    Presentation

Choices for temperature and humidity: Control systems
R. Quiring
Conviron, Winnipeg, Canada
Abstract

Refrigerators and refrigerants – The future
F. Steimle
Universitat Essen, Essen, Germany
Abstract       Presentation

The Microturbine: Why a gas engine may at last be of benefit to the Horticulture industry
Mabbutt and A. Brown
Advantica Technologies Ltd, Loughborough, UK
Abstract      Presentation

 

Program Session 4
Tuesday 11 September 2001

Energy, Conservation and Recycling II: Position Statements and Panel-led Discussion on Energy Policies and Practice in Relation to Controlled Environments
Chair: G. Taylor
Sanyo Gallenkamp PLC, Loughborough, UK
Session 4 Introduction

Position statements on Energy Policy and Practice
The European position
M.J. Hadlow
IACR Rothamsted, Harpenden, UK
Abstract      Presentation

The North American position
J.C. Sager
Kennedy Space Center, NASA, Florida, USA
Abstract    Presentation

The Australian position
L.J. Hoare
South Australian Research & Development Institute, Adelaide, Australia
Abstract    Presentation

The Japanese position
Y. Kitaya
College of Agriculture, Osaka Prefecture University, Osaka, Japan
Abstract     Presentation

Panel-led Discussion
(Above Eight Speakers

Program Session 5
Tuesday 11 September 2001

Controlled Environments In Space
Chair: R. Wheeler
Biological Sciences Branch, Kennedy Space Center, NASA, Florida, USA
Session 5 Introduction

Development of the commercial plant biotechnology facility for the International Space Station
W. Zhou
Wisconsin Center for Space Automation & Robotics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, USA
Abstract      Presentation

Ground-based demonstration chambers in NASA’s Advanced Life Support Project
R.E. Fortson
Lockheed Martin Space Operations, Houston, USA
Abstract      Presentation

The Melissa Project: Waste recycling with plant production
C. Lasseur
European Space Agency, Noordwijk, The Netherlands
Abstract      Presentation

Panel-led Discussion – Above speakers plus:
C.A. Mitchell
Horticulture, Purdue University, USA
A. Hoehn
University of Colorado, Boulder, USA
Y. Kitaya
College of Agriculture, Osaka, Japan

Program Session 6
Tuesday 11 September 2001

Simple Versus Complex Controlled Environments: A Debate
Chair: L.D. Incoll
Biology, University of Leeds, UK
Session 6 Introduction

In support of real environments
Proposer – T.A. Mansfield
Biological Sciences, Lancaster University, UK
Abstract       Paper

In support of simple environments
Proposer – B. Bugbee
Crop Physiology Laboratory, Utah State University, Logan, USA
Abstract     Presentation

Panel-Led Discussion above speakers plus
P. Austin
Palmerston North Research Centre, New Zealand
M. Romer
McGill University Phytotron, McGill University, Montreal, Canada

Program Session 7
Wednesday 12 September 2001

Large Scale Controlled Environments
Chair: J. Lea-Cox
Natural Resource Sciences and Landscape Architecture, University of Maryland, College Park, USA
Session 7 Introduction

Working with designers on the Great Glasshouse
W. Bopp
National Botanic Garden of Wales, Llanarthne, South Wales, UK
Abstract

The Eden Project, Cornwall – the Humid Tropic and Warm Temperate Biomes
P. Thoday
Thoday Associates, Corsham, Wiltshire, UK
Abstract     Presentation

Modifications and upgrades for the Biosphere 2 Laboratory
A. Wright
Biosphere 2, Columbia University, Oracle, Arizona, USA
Abstract       Presentation

Program Session 8
Wednesday 12 September 2001

Short Presentations
In multiple authored papers the name of the presenting author is italicized.
Chair: D. Tremmel
National Phytotron, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
Session 8 Introduction

Light interception and canopy coverage of lettuce and radish grown under different wavelengths of red light-emitting diodes (LEDs)
G.D. Goins, G.W. Stutte, R.M. Wheeler and J.C. Sager
Kennedy Space Center, Florida, USA
Abstract    Presentation

Intracanopy lighting as a sole source of PAR and PHAR for planophile crop canopies in controlled environments
J.M. Frantz*, Changhoo Chun**, R.J. Joly and C.A. Mitchell
Department of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Purdue University, West Lafayette, USA
*Dept. of Plants, Soils & Biometeorology, Utah State University, Logan, USA
**Mitsubishi Chemical Corporation, Yokohama, Japan
Abstract      Presentation

Hybrid solar and electric lighting to alleviate power crunch for bioregenerative advanced life support
J.L. Cuello, Y. Yu, S. Kuwahara, E. Ono, K. Jordan, T. Nakamura*, and H. Watanabe**
Department of Agricultural and Biosystems Engineering, The University of Arizona, Tucson, USA
*Physical Science, Inc., San Ramon, USA
**Mitsubishi Chemical Corporation, Yokohama, Japan
Abstract     Presentation

Carbon dioxide within controlled environments; the commonly neglected variable
M. Romer
McGill University Phytotron, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
Abstract       Presentation

Temperature measurement: A review of the advantages and disadvantages of the 4 most common types of thermocouple wire
B. Bugbee
Crop Physiology Laboratory, Utah State University, Logan, USA
Abstract      Presentation

Calibration standards for controlled environments: History and use of the NCR-101 instrument package
Klassen, T. Tibbetts, and B. Bugbee
Crop Physiology Laboratory, Utah State University, Logan, USA
Abstract     Presentation

Design and peration of a multiple-chamber gas-exchange system for plant communities
J.M. Frantz*, M.W. van Iersel**, and B. Bugbee*
*Crop Physiology Laboratory, Utah State University, Logan, USA
**Department of Horticulture, The University of Georgia, Griffin, USA
J.M. Frantz as Winner: UK CEUG/NCR-101 Graduate/Postgraduate Travel Award
Abstract     Presentation

Using LEDs to manipulate red: far-red ratio and photomorphogenesis in controlled environments
M. Pratt, W. Stoddart and G.C. Whitelam
Biology, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
Abstract     Presentation

Poster Session
Wednesday 12 September 2001

Modernisation of the Canberra Phytotron: Recent major modifications allowing the facility to operate as a PC2 (Planthouse) facility for work with transgenic plants
T. Agostino
CSIRO Plant Industry, Canberra, Australia
Abstract     Poster

A comprehensive format for specifying and reporting controlled environment regimes
P.T. Austin, D.H. Greer and H.N. Wiggins
HortResearch, Palmerston North, New Zealand
Abstract     Poster

Nesting multiple controlled environments for independent manipulation of shoot and root temperatures
I.D. Flitcroft, R. Kuchenbuch* and K.T. Ingram
Department of Crop and Soil Sciences, University of Georgia, Griffin, USA
* Centre for Agricultural Landscape and Land Use Research, Institute for Primary Production, Muencheberg, Germany
Abstract      Poster

The Georgia Envirotron: Multi-disciplinary studies of plant stresses using controlled environment chambers
I.D. Flitcroft, K.T. Ingram and G. Hoogenboom*
Department of Crop and Soil Sciences
* Department of Biological and Agricultural Engineering, University of Georgia, Griffin, USA
Abstract      Poster

Development of physical containment (PC2) at the New Zealand Controlled Environment Laboratory
E.A. Halligan, H.N. Wiggins, D.H. Greer and P.T. Austin
HortResearch, Palmerston North, New Zealand
Abstract    Poster

Plants in space – transition from Space Shuttle to Space Station and beyond
A. Hoehn and J. Clawson
BioServe Space Technologies, University of Colorado, Boulder, USA
Abstract

Program Session 9
Concluding Address

Concluding Address
Chair: L.D. Incoll
Biology, University of Leeds, UK

Controlled Environments: Past achievements and future directions
D.H. Greer
HortResearch, Palmerston North, New Zealand
Abstract      Paper